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The mosque itself was destroyed in 1278 C.E. (656 A.H.), after Hulagu Khan's invasion of Iraq. Only the outer wall and its minaret remain. [8] However, the Iraqi State Organization of Antiquities have been working closely with historians and architects in a restoration process starting in 1956. They tasked people to restore various monuments in Samarra including the Great Mosque. There was extensive restoration done to both the courtyard of the mosque as well as the spiral minaret. Previously, only 6 steps remained in the minaret and very few complete arches surrounded the courtyard. [9] Former mosque [ edit ] a b c Marin, Matthew (July 20, 2006). "Irish Developer Will Build North America's Tallest Building in the Windy City". Multi-Housing News. Archived from the original on September 27, 2007 . Retrieved July 19, 2009.

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a b c Barrett, Joe (December 9, 2009). "Push to Finish Tallest Tower". The Wall Street Journal . Retrieved December 10, 2009. A spiralling ramp creates an unfolding, experiential route for visitors through the Tiangang Arts Center, a combined art gallery and hotel in China's Hebei Province designed by Syn Architects. More Jon Astbury a b Salvadori, Mario (1982). Why Buildings Stand Up: The Strength of Architecture. New York: McGraw-Hill.a b c Rowan Moore (4 April 2010). "Is the Orbit anything more than a folly on an Olympic scale?". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 23 April 2010 . Retrieved 14 May 2010. The minaret's spiral shape inspired Pritzker Architecture Prize winner Philip Johnson's design for the 1976 Chapel of Thanksgiving at Thanks-Giving Square in Dallas, Texas, in the United States. [23] [24] [25] The minarets of a prominent Emirati mosque, that of Sheikh Khalifa in Al Ain, have been also been inspired by this minaret. [26] The influence of the minaret and courtyard of the mosque is seen in these places, as well as in modern mosques.

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Anish Kapoor chosen for landmark 2012 sculpture". BBC News. 31 March 2010. Archived from the original on 19 April 2010 . Retrieved 14 May 2010.Podmolik, Mary Ellen (September 30, 2008). "Beanie Baby magnate signs contract for Spire penthouse". Chicago Tribune . Retrieved July 18, 2009. |The first photos of the recently opened Marsk Watchtower in Denmark designed by architecture studio BIG have been unveiled. More Tom Ravenscroft

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a b c d e "Shelbourne Development Awards Contract to Build Foundation of The Chicago Spire". Business Wire. June 26, 2007 . Retrieved July 20, 2009. [ dead link] Orbit is described as "designed by Anish Kapoor and Cecil Balmond". [22] Kapoor is a Turner Prize winning sculptor, while Balmond is one of the world's leading designers. According to Kapoor, both men are "interested in a place where architecture meets sculpture" and "the way that form and geometry give rise to structure". [23] Kapoor and Balmond stated that their interests have blurred and crossed over into each other's fields since they first began working together in 2002 on Kapoor's Marsyas installation in the Turbine Hall of the Tate Modern. [23] As well as Orbit, in 2010 Kapoor and Balmond were also working on the Tees Valley Giants, a public art project in northern England. [23]

Al Nuaimi, Rashid (2019-06-28). "Iconic Al Ain mosque work in final stages". Gulf Today . Retrieved 2019-07-24. The minaret's unique spiral design is said by some to be derived from the architecture of the Mesopotamian ziggurats. [17] This design, completed under al-Mutawakkil, was unlike other minarets created in this time or anything else seen in the Islamic world because of its base's shape. The Mesopotamian Ziggurats had a square base while this minaret and others built like it in Iraq have a circular base with a twisted spiral leading up to the top. [5] Some consider the influence of the Pillar of Gor, which was also square not circular, built in the Sasanian Empire, more prominent. [18] This style of spiraling minaret was then repeated by the caliph Abu Dulaf for his mosque (also in Samarra). These minarets become a focal point of the skyline in any city and are a call to attention and prayer. [19] a b c d e f van Velzen, Thijs (June 2012). van den Brink, Erwin (ed.). "Rood icoon" [Red icon]. De Ingenieur. 124 (in Dutch). Veen Magazines (10/11): 25–27. ISSN 0020-1146.